What is the Metal Piece in a File Cabinet?

The metal piece in a file cabinet refers to the metal rails that allow drawers to slide in and out smoothly. File cabinet rails, also called drawer slides or runners, are essential hardware that enable the function of filing cabinets. Understanding the different types of rails, how they work, and how to repair or replace them can help you get the most out of your filing cabinets.

An Introduction to File Cabinet Rails

File cabinet rails are pieces of metal hardware mounted to the sides of the cabinet and drawers that allow the drawers to slide in and out on tracks. The rails reduce friction between the drawers and the cabinet body, enabling smooth motion. There are two main types of rails used in file cabinets:

Full Extension Rails

Full extension rails allow the drawer to be pulled out completely so the full contents can be accessed. This style has three sections:

• Cabinet member – mounted to the sides of the cabinet interior
• Drawer member – mounted to the drawer sides
• Central member – allows the synchronized motion between the cabinet and drawer

With full extension, the drawer can extend fully out of the cabinet on the central member while still being supported.

Friction Slide Rails

Friction slide rails use the simple mechanism of metal-on-metal sliding. The drawer member slides along the cabinet member through direct contact. This type does not allow full drawer extension but is simple and affordable.

Ball Bearing Rails

Some modern file cabinets use ball bearing rails. Steel ball bearings between the sliding rails reduce friction for very smooth and effortless motion. However, ball bearings can attract dust and debris over time.

Purposes of File Cabinet Rails

File cabinet rails serve important functions:

• Allow smooth drawer operation by minimizing friction and enabling free movement
• Support the weight of drawer contents uniformly
• Allow full or partial drawer extension for complete access
• Prevent lateral drawer movement and keep motion straight
• Enable easy removal and replacement of drawers
• Absorb impacts from closing drawers and dampen vibrations

Proper rails keep contents organized, prevent jamming, reduce wear and tear, and enable easy access.

Rail Placement Standards

Rails must be positioned precisely to function correctly in file cabinets:

• Mounted perpendicular to drawer sides and parallel to each other
• Level horizontally to prevent tilting
• Spaced equal distances from front and back of drawer/cabinet
• Extend the full height of the drawer side
• Mounting holes aligned exactly on the inner sides

Even slight deviations from these standards can cause problems like jamming, tipping, misalignment, or uneven weight distribution.

Material Composition

File cabinet rails are typically made from steel for durability. Some key properties influence performance:

• Strength – rails must support weight of contents without bending or breaking
• Rigidity – limits flexing that causes alignment problems
• Hardness – resists abrasion between contact points
• Slickness – enables smooth sliding motion
• Corrosion resistance – prevents rust and maintains smooth surfaces

Steel alloys are often zinc, nickel, or chrome plated to prevent corrosion and enhance slidability. Plastic is sometimes used for cost savings but lacks durability.

Manufacturing Processes

File cabinet rails are produced from steel using processes like:

• Rolling – forms elongated steel rails from sheets of steel
• Stamping – presses rails into shape with industrial dies
• Extrusion – squeezes heated steel through a die to create rails
• Machining – uses cutting tools to shape rails with precision
• Bending – forms required angles and curvature
• Punching – punches holes for fasteners
• Plating – coats with zinc, nickel, or chrome

Automated processes allow mass production with consistency and precision.

Standard Rail Sizes

Though there are variations, file cabinet rails typically follow standard sizes:

• Length – 16 inches is common for letter or legal size drawers
• Height – match the drawer height, often between 3-5 inches
• Thickness – Full extension around 0.5 inch, friction slide 0.25 inch
• Mounting holes – 0.25 to 0.375 inch diameter, 2-3 inches from ends

Rails may interlock or use separate central members. Weight ratings range from 75-120 lbs per pair.

Installation of Rails in File Cabinets

Proper file cabinet rail installation requires care and precision:

• Carefully measure and mark holes using a template
• Pre-drill holes to ease driving screws
• Use self-tapping screws to bite into the metal
• Ensure rails align precisely and slide freely
• Test drawer operation and alignment
• Check for lateral movement or tilting
• Lubricate contact points with silicone spray

Avoid forcing misaligned rails as this can damage rails or cabinet. Take time to ensure flawless alignment.

Troubleshooting Problems with Rails

Some common file cabinet rail problems and fixes:

Jamming drawers – Rails misaligned, debris buildup, bent rails, or uneven mounting. Clean rails, realign, and ensure even mount.

Tilting drawers – Rails misaligned or single point failure. Realign rails evenly. Replace damaged rail.

Grinding noise – Lubrication issue or debris in rails. Clean rails thoroughly and apply lubricant.

Broken rails – Overloaded drawer or impact damage. Replace broken rails with matching parts.

Loose rails – Lost mounting screws or stripped holes. Tighten screws or move location to solid mounting point.

Sticking drawers – Rail friction or dust buildup. Clean rails and lubricate contact points.

Lubricating File Cabinet Rails

Lubrication is key for keeping file cabinet rails operating smoothly by reducing metal-on-metal friction.

• Use light lubricants like silicone spray, mineral oil, or wax
• Avoid grease/oil that attracts dirt and grime
• Several light applications are better than one heavy application
• Ensure lubricant reaches contact points along full interior rails
• Move drawers in and out to distribute lubricant
• Wipe away any drips or excess
• Re-apply every 6-12 months

Proper lubrication prevents that annoying sticking and squeaking!

When to Replace File Cabinet Rails

With heavy use, file cabinet rails eventually require replacement. Signs include:

• Looseness, sagging, or misalignment
• Drawer tilt, binding, or scraping
• Bent or warped rails
• Broken attachment points
• Grinding, squeaking, or roughness
• Failing lubrication and heavy friction
• Visible wear, cracks, or damage

For smooth drawer function, replace rails before they fail completely. Catching problems early also prevents damage to the cabinet body itself.

How to Remove and Replace Rails

Replacing file cabinet rails is a relatively easy DIY project:

1. Empty and remove the drawer
2. Remove rail mounting screws
3. Detach old rails and clean surfaces thoroughly
4. Carefully measure and install new replacement rails
5. Check alignment and test drawer motion
6. Adjust if needed to ensure smooth operation
7. Lubricate contact points on the new rails
8. Reinstall drawer and enjoy smooth operation!

Take care when removing drawers to avoid damaging rails or cabinet body. Proper alignment of new rails is critical.

File Cabinet Rail Upgrade Options

For an enhanced experience, consider upgrading old friction slide rails to full extension or ball bearing rails. This provides:

• Full access to the drawer contents
• Very smooth and effortless motion
• Easier cleaning of drawer interior
• Reduced friction and wear over time
• Higher weight capacity
• Precision alignment and less jamming

Upgraded rails are a great investment for frequently accessed filing cabinets. The improvement in motion is immediately noticeable.

Key Takeaways on File Cabinet Rails

• File cabinet rails allow smooth drawer sliding via tracks that reduce friction
• Proper installation alignment is critical for ideal function
• Keeping rails clean and lubricated prevents sticking and squeaking
• Replace worn rails to restore smooth operation
• Upgrading to full extension or ball bearing rails improves performance
• Rails are essential hardware that enable filing cabinets to operate properly

Understanding file cabinet rails helps you diagnose and fix problems, improving the function of your filing system. With quality rails properly installed, filing cabinets can provide decades of smooth service. Keep an eye on your rails!

Frequently Asked Questions About File Cabinet Rails

There are many common questions people have about the rails in file cabinets. Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions:

What are file cabinet rails made of?

File cabinet rails are typically made from steel, though sometimes aluminum is used as well. Steel provides the strength needed to support the weight of drawer contents. Many rails have a coating like zinc, nickel, or chrome plating to resist corrosion.

Where can I buy replacement rails for my file cabinet?

Many hardware stores sell universal replacement rails for file cabinets. You can also find rails at home improvement stores, online retailers, and direct from file cabinet manufacturers. Know your existing rail size before purchasing.

Do file cabinet rails wear out over time?

Yes, file cabinet rails can gradually wear out with frequent use over many years. The tracks can get abraded, rollers/bearings fail, and extension springs weaken. Replacing worn rails restores smooth drawer operation.

My file cabinet drawer is stuck, now what?

If a file drawer is stuck, the rails are likely misaligned or something is obstructing the track. Try gently pulling out both sides of the drawer evenly. If needed, remove the drawer to clean the rails and realign them properly.

Can I lubricate file cabinet rails with WD-40?

WD-40 can be used to lubricate file cabinet rails, but a silicone spray is ideal since it won’t attract dirt and dust. Don’t over-apply and wipe away any drips. Re-apply every 6-12 months.

How do I align file cabinet rails when installing?

Use a template when marking rail mounting holes for perfect alignment. Ensure rails are level, evenly spaced, perpendicular to sides, and holes match precisely. Check alignment as you install. Adjust if needed for smooth operation.

What can I do if my file cabinet drawer tilts down when pulled out?

A tilting drawer often means the rails are misaligned. It could also indicate a broken rail or missing screws. Try pulling the drawer out very slowly and observe where the tilt occurs. Realign the rails on that side or replace a damaged rail.

Should I lubricate the ball bearings on file cabinet rails?

Ball bearings typically come pre-lubricated and sealed, so no additional lubricant is needed. They are designed to operate maintenance-free for the life of the rail. Only lubricate the sliding contact points, not the ball bearings themselves.

Can I adjust telescoping file cabinet rails that are too loose?

Some telescoping rails have adjustable gibs or tension bolts that can slightly tighten a loose fit. If those are not adjustable, check that mounting screws are tight. If still loose, replace with new tighter fitting rails.

I hope these answers help explain the most common questions about the metal rails used in file cabinets! Proper rails are essential for smooth drawer operation.

Final Thoughts on File Cabinet Rails

As a vital yet often overlooked component, file cabinet rails don’t receive much attention until there’s an issue. But smooth operation relies on proper rails. Taking steps to understand rail types, placement, and care goes a long way in getting the most out of a filing system. A small investment of time in lubricating or replacing rails prevents frustrating problems down the road. For busy offices and workspaces, functionality is key. With quality rails installed properly, file cabinets can serve for many years as high-capacity organized storage that makes managing records a breeze. Those metal pieces deserve some appreciation!