What is Metal Storage Cabinets Made Of?

By anchengo2 Metal Kitchen Cabinets Article Comments Off

Metal storage cabinets are a popular choice for many homes and businesses due to their durability, security, and versatility. But what exactly are metal storage cabinets made of? The materials used can vary depending on the type and quality of the cabinet. Here is an in-depth look at the most common metals and other materials used in metal storage cabinet construction.

Steel

Steel is by far the most common metal used to construct metal storage cabinets. Steel offers exceptional strength and durability at an affordable price point compared to other metals. There are several different types and grades of steel that may be utilized:

Cold-Rolled Steel

Cold-rolled steel is the most common grade of steel used in lower-priced metal storage cabinets. It is made by rolling sheet steel at room temperature to create a smooth, uniform finish. Cold-rolled steel is strong and durable but not as resistant to rust and corrosion as some other steel types. It is often coated with a paint or powder coating to improve corrosion resistance.

Hot-Rolled Steel

Hot-rolled steel is rolled at high temperatures and tends to have a rougher texture than cold-rolled steel. It is typically stronger than cold-rolled due to the hot-rolling process. Hot-rolled steel may be used for cabinet frames and reinforcing components that require extra strength. However, it is more susceptible to rust without protective coatings.

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel contains chromium and other alloying elements that form an oxidation layer protecting against corrosion. There are different grades of stainless steel. Lower quality grades may be used in less expensive cabinets, while higher grades are found in premium cabinets. Stainless provides superior rust resistance for storage in damp or corrosive environments.

Galvanized Steel

Galvanized steel has a protective zinc coating applied to prevent rust and corrosion. It provides an affordable option for enhancing corrosion resistance versus cold-rolled steel alone. Galvanized steel may be used for cabinet panels, doors, shelves and other components needing weather protection.

Baked Enamel Coated Steel

Steel coated with a baked enamel coating offers enhanced resistance to scratches, chemicals and environmental damage. The liquid coating is applied and baked at high heat to fuse with the steel. This enamel surface is very hard and provides excellent durability.

Aluminum

Aluminum is used for some higher-end metal storage cabinets such as commercial laboratory cabinets. Benefits of aluminum include:

Lightweight – Aluminum is roughly 1/3 the weight of steel. This allows for larger cabinets with greater capacities while reducing weight loads.
Strong – Aluminum alloys provide good strength for structural cabinet components.
Rust-Resistant – Aluminum does not rust due to its oxidized outer layer. This makes it ideal for wet or outdoor environments.
Durable – Although not as hard as steel, aluminum provides good dent and scratch resistance. It maintains its bright finish well over time.
Fire-Proof – Aluminum is non-combustible and rated fire-proof. This is a safety benefit compared to steel.
Cost – Raw aluminum is more expensive than steel. But lightweight aluminum cabinets may cost less to ship.
Sustainability – Aluminum is highly recyclable. About 75% of all aluminum produced is still in use after recycling.

Aluminum grade 6000 is commonly used in cabinet construction. Higher grades may be specified for specialized commercial or laboratory use. Aluminum frames and panels are often powder coated for added scratch protection and attractive color finishes.

Stainless Steel vs Steel Cabinets

Stainless steel and steel have distinct differences:

Rust resistance – Stainless steel contains chromium that prevents rust and corrosion. Regular carbon steel rusts more easily without protective coatings.
Cost – Stainless steel is generally 2-3 times the cost of regular steel. Cold-rolled steel is the most economical.
Durability – Stainless steel is tougher against dents, scratches and impacts. Steel dents more readily.
Maintenance – Stainless requires little maintenance. Steel needs regular cleaning/coating to avoid rust.
Aesthetics – Stainless maintains a bright, modern look. Steel paint/coatings may fade over time.
Strength – Steel is stronger than common 304 stainless steel. But high-strength stainless grades are available.
Weight – Steel is heavier than a similar gauge of stainless.

For low cost and corrosion resistance, painted/enameled steel cabinets are ideal. But for the ultimate in durability and lifecycle cost, stainless steel is worth the additional investment.

Locking Systems

The locking mechanism is another key component affecting the security and functionality of metal storage cabinets:

Keyed Locks

Cylinder or disc tumbler locks operated by a metal key. Provides basic security.
Keys can be lost or duplicated.
Different keys needed for each lock. Key management can become difficult.

Combination Locks

Dials that align numbers/letters to open lock. Provides moderate security.
Combinations can be forgotten or shared.
Allows shared access but lack user accountability.

Digital Locks

Electronic locks opened by keycode or RFID card/fob. Enhanced security.
Keycodes and RFID credentials are easily reset.
Provides user accountability from audit trails.
Allows managing access remotely from software.

Biometric Fingerprint Locks

Scan fingerprints to release lock and access contents. Maximum security.
No keys or codes to manage or lose. Cannot be shared.
Maintains detailed logs of user access.
Higher component cost than other lock types.

The needs of controlled access, accountability, and convenience should be evaluated to select the optimal locking system. Advanced electronic and biometric locks provide the greatest security and amenability for shared storage environments.

Hinges

Hinges are another important component that determine the usability and lifetime of metal storage cabinets:

Butt Hinges

Simple flat hinges with interlocking plates attached to door and frame.
Provides minimal adjustability. Door alignment can loosen over time.
Not designed for heavy use. Average lifespan.

Concealed Hinges

Mounted into interior of cabinet for clean appearance.
Provides some vertical and horizontal adjustment. Improves door alignment.
Better weight capacity and durability than butt hinges.

Piano Hinges

Full-length hinge Plate attached along one door/drawer side.
Very strong and durable for heavy doors. Allows full 180° opening.
Available in stainless steel or steel with powder coating. Provides protection.
Virtually maintenance free for life of cabinet.

For metal cabinetry intended for frequent use, robust piano hinges offer superior longevity and trouble-free operation. Concealed hinges also provide durable performance in a compact footprint.

Shelves

Shelving comprises a significant portion of interior storage area. The most common shelf materials include:

Steel

Cold-rolled steel with powder coating is inexpensive but durable.
Stainless steel withstands moisture and chemicals for demanding environments.
Steel wire shelving is very strong and allows ventilation and drainage.

Wood

Hardwood shelves provide an attractive look plus good strength.
Must be properly sealed/coated for moisture resistance.

Glass

Tempered glass provides transparency and chemical resistance.
Glass fragmentation must be contained in the event of breakage.
Glass shelf brackets provide height adjustability.

Polymer Resins

Durable engineered resins (HDPE, phenolic) resist chemicals.
Limit mold, mildew and bacterial growth. Easily cleaned.
Withstands heat better than plastic laminates.

The shelf material should be chosen based on capacity needs, storage contents, moisture levels, and budget. Polymer resin provides a good balance of economy and chemical/moisture resistance.

Drawer Construction

Metal drawers are built using similar materials as the overall cabinet:

Drawer Body

Typically constructed of sheet metal steel or stainless steel.
Steel with a baked enamel coating provides good durability.
Stainless steel offers higher corrosion resistance.

Drawer Slides

Telescoping slides allow full drawer extension for access.
Ball bearing slides rated for 100+ lbs provide smooth operation.
Friction slide options do not extend fully but are economical.

Drawer Handle

Recessed handles provide a sleek, flush drawer face.
Protruding bar handles allow easiest grip access.
Ergonomic handles should be sized for a comfortable grip.

For maximum life, full-extension ball bearing slides should be used with metal drawer boxes. Durable recessed or bar handles finish off the drawer for easy access.

Painted Finishes

For steel storage cabinets, a painted finish is commonly applied for enhanced aesthetics and protection versus bare metal:

Powder Coating

The most common modern finish, providing excellent durability and a hard surface resistant to:

Scratches/abrasions
Chemicals/solvents
Humidity
Chipping

With proper pretreatment, provides long-term rust protection. Available in nearly any color.

Baked Enamel

Liquid paint cured in high heat oven. Similar durability to powder coating with a hard, glossy finish but fewer color options.

Epoxy Paint

Two-part paint mixed to initiate curing/hardening. Provides chemical resistance once fully cured.

Acrylic Enamel

Water-based acrylic-enamel paint dries hard and provides decent scratch and fade resistance.

Textured Finishes

Textured powder finishes provide a decorative look that also conceals scratches well. More expensive than smooth powder coating.

Powder coating provides the ultimate factory finish in terms of durability, color selection, and cost. Proper surface preparation and coating thickness is key for best results.

Common Brands

There are dozens of manufacturers producing metal storage cabinets from economical models to specialized industrial-grade versions. Some of the most recognized brand names include:

Hallowell – Steel safety cabinets and industrial storage.
Eagle – Made in the USA with high-gauge steel.
Durham – Certified ANSI safety cabinets.
Lyon – Large selection of steel cabinet sizes/options.
Coleman Cable – Budget tool and utility cabinets.
Homak – Ruggedly built storage with drawer options.
Flambeau – Polymer and metal hybrid industrial cabinets.
Justrite – Specialize in galvanized and stainless cabinets.
Global Industrial – Metal cabinets and workbenches.
Triumph – Stainless steel cabinets for demanding needs.
Lista – Preferred premium grade metal cabinetry.

Certain brands such as Lista and Lyon have extensive selections with proven quality construction. Purchasing through a reputable manufacturer ensures obtaining cabinets built with appropriate materials to meet their intended storage applications.

Factors in Selecting Metal Storage Cabinets

With an understanding of how metal storage cabinets are constructed, an informed choice can be made based on factors such as:

Intended Use – The contents to be stored determine material needs like corrosion resistance or fire rating.
Building Codes – Certain cabinets for chemical/flammable storage must meet regulatory standards.
Environment – The conditions (outdoors, chemical areas, food processing) impact material selection.
Security – Sensitive contents may demand greater protections like sturdy steel and advanced locking systems.
Capacity – The quantities to be stored determine overall cabinet size and weight capacity.
Budget – The price point often dictates materials like cold-rolled steel vs stainless or basic locks vs electronic.
Lifespan – Quality materials and construction yield extended lifespan for reduced total cost of ownership.

Prioritizing key criteria such as required safety certifications, anticipated use intensity, desired security level, and expected lifetime will help guide the decision-making process when choosing metal storage cabinetry. Investing in quality materials and construction pays dividends with greater durability and functionality over the years or decades of service.

Conclusion

Metal storage cabinets are constructed using a range of metals, locks, hinges, shelves and finishes to create durable and secure storage solutions. Steel is the predominant material used in cabinet construction. The grade of steel, whether galvanized or stainless, has a significant impact on the cost, lifespan, and corrosion resistance. Advanced locking systems, heavy-duty hinges and drawer slides, and durable finishes also contribute to cabinet quality and functionality. When selecting metal cabinets, factors such as intended contents, environment, building codes, security needs, and budget must be weighed. Investing in high-quality materials and components ensures optimal longevity and reduced lifetime costs for critical storage needs.

Some Key Questions About Metal Storage Cabinets

What are the main metals used in metal storage cabinets?

The most common metals used are steel (cold-rolled, hot-rolled, galvanized), stainless steel, and aluminum. Steel provides the most affordable option with stainless and aluminum used for specialized applications.

What grade of steel is best for wet or outdoor areas?

For wet, humid or outdoor storage, choosing cabinets constructed from galvanized or stainless steel provides enhanced corrosion resistance versus cold-rolled steel.

How much weight can typical metal shelves hold?

Most quality metal cabinets use steel shelves capable of holding at least 100 lbs and over 200 lbs for heavy-duty versions. Shelves may be adjustable for flexibility.

What are the most secure locking options for metal cabinets?

Advanced electronic locks (digital/RFID) and biometric fingerprint locks offer the highest level of security. Basic keyed locks provide minimal protection that is easy to duplicate.

Why choose a metal cabinet instead of wood or plastic?

Metal cabinets offer greater strength, durability, fire ratings and security versus wood or plastic. They withstand heavy daily use and last for decades.

How thick is the steel used in standard metal cabinets?

Typical steel thickness is 18 or 20 gauge. Lower cost cabinets may use 22 gauge steel. Higher security versions utilize 16 gauge or even 1/4″ plate steel. Thicker steel provides more rigidity and weight capacity.

What are the best high-quality metal cabinet brands?

Some of the leading metal cabinet brands known for excellent construction are Lista, Lyon, Durham, Justrite, Homak, and Eagle. These brands offer durable cabinet lines meeting various safety standards.

What is the benefit of powder coating on steel cabinets?

Powder coating provides a hard, durable painted finish that resists scratches, chemicals, and humidity. It offers superior longevity compared to paint alone. Pre-treatment improves corrosion resistance.

How much weight can heavy-duty cabinet drawer slides hold?

High-grade ball bearing slides are rated for 100+ pounds with full extension for easy access to contents. Friction slides sacrifice some capacity and extension at lower cost.

What is Metal Storage Cabinets Made Of?