How to Remove Rust from Metal Filing Cabinet

Rust can damage and degrade metal surfaces over time. While rust on a filing cabinet may just look unsightly, if left unchecked it can cause the metal to become structurally unsound. Removing rust properly is important to protect the integrity and appearance of your filing cabinet. Here is a comprehensive guide on how to effectively remove rust from a metal filing cabinet.

Assessing the Level of Rust

Before deciding on a rust removal method, you need to assess how much rust is present on the filing cabinet. Here are three levels of rust to look for:

Surface Rust

This appears as a reddish-orange discoloration on the metal’s surface. The rust has not begun to pit or penetrate the metal. Surface rust can often be removed with gentle cleaning methods.

Moderate Rust

The rust has started to eat into the metal, causing pitting, flaking or bubbling paint. Moderate rust will need more intensive cleaning and removal processes.

Severe Rust

The rust has deeply penetrated the metal, causing structural weakness, holes and severe damage. Severe rust may mean the filing cabinet is unsalvageable.

Inspect all surfaces closely to determine the rust level and extent of damage. This will dictate the removal techniques needed.

Gather Your Rust Removal Supplies

Based on the rust assessment, gather the appropriate supplies to remove the rust thoroughly and safely:

• For surface rust: Clean rags, mild detergent, vinegar, baking soda, scrub sponges, sandpaper, steel wool (fine grade), masking tape
• For moderate rust: Dedicated wire brush, paint scraper, chemical rust removers, sanding power tools
• For severe rust: Power wire wheel, drill, grinder, sandblasting equipment (may be needed for full restoration if the cabinet can be salvaged)

Safety gear like gloves and eye protection are also essential. Have plenty of clean cloths and water for rinsing.

Clean and Prepare the Area

Before removing rust, prepare the area properly:

• Clear the cabinet fully and remove any removable parts or shelving
• Clean the cabinet to remove dirt and debris using mild detergent
• Sand and scrape away any loose, flaking paint around rusted areas
• Mask off any nearby surfaces with painter’s tape
• Protect surrounding floors and furnishings

Proper preparation prevents rust removal solutions or debris damaging other areas.

Apply Rust Removal Techniques

With your supplies gathered and the area prepped, you can now focus on rust removal:

For Surface Rust

• Sprinkle baking soda onto affected areas and add vinegar to create a foaming reaction that lifts rust
• Use a plastic scrub pad, brush or fine steel wool to gently scrub away surficial rust
• Dip steel wool in vinegar and rub affected areas to dissolve light rust buildup
• Use very fine sandpaper to sand away stubborn spots of surface rust
• Rinse thoroughly with water between applications to prevent rubbing rust deeper

Take care not to abrade too harshly as this can scratch the filing cabinet’s finish.

For Moderate Rust

• Use a dedicated wire brush attachment on a power drill to scrub away rust scale
• Carefully scrape flaking rust with a plastic paint scraper to lift it off the surface
• Apply a chemical rust remover gel and let it sit per product instructions
• Use sanding power tools like an orbital sander with fine grit paper to smooth and remove remaining rust
• Wipe frequently with clean cloths and rinse completely when done

Be cautious not to remove too much solid metal when sanding at moderate rust.

For Severe Rust

• Use a power wire wheel on a drill to aggressively grind away heavy rust scale
• Sandblast areas of extensive rusting to completely strip the finish to bare metal
• Use an angle grinder with a wire wheel attachment to smooth and finish badly pitted areas
• Apply naval jelly or phosphoric acid converter to chemically convert deeper rust into an inert layer
• Prime and repaint any areas with severe rust damage

These aggressive methods may be needed for heavy rust but also increase the risk of damaging the cabinet.

Seal and Protect the Metal

Once rust is removed, preventing it from recurring is crucial:

• Wipe down the clean metal with tack cloth to remove any residue
• Apply a rust-inhibiting primer coat to freshly cleaned areas
• Paint the filing cabinet with a durable enamel topcoat in your desired color
• Affix self-adhesive rubber cabinet bumpers on edges prone to new scraping
• Move the filing cabinet to a dry area away from moisture sources
• Keep the metal surfaces clean by periodically wiping down with a dry cloth

Maintaining the new finish and keeping the filing cabinet dry are key to stopping rust from returning quickly.

When to Call In a Professional

Extensive rust may require the skills of a professional metal refinisher. Consider this if:

• The rust damage is too severe for DIY repair
• You do not have the proper power tools and equipment
• Significant repairs like welding or fabrication are needed
• The cabinet houses important documents requiring a high-quality restoration

A professional can assess if total restoration is feasible or if replacement is the safer option.

With the right methods and care, even badly rusted metal filing cabinets can be revitalized and protected from future rust damage. Just be sure to match your removal techniques to the specific level of rust present.

FAQ About Removing Rust from Metal Filing Cabinets

How can I tell if a rusted filing cabinet is worth restoring?

Inspect closely for holes, cracks or severe structural damage. Light surface rust can be restored but deep penetration may mean replacement is better. Also consider the cabinet’s value – an antique or expensive cabinet has more reason for meticulous rust repair.

What is the fastest way to remove heavy rust from a filing cabinet?

For quick removal, securely attach a power wire wheel to a drill and aggressively grind away rust scale. However, this can also damage the surrounding good metal very easily. Work cautiously if attempting power wire wheel rust removal.

Should I sand or wire brush rust first?

Start with less abrasive methods like sanding or gentle scraping first. Try to remove loose rust before using more intensive tools like wire brushes or grinders. This helps avoid scratching or gouging the metal’s finish.

How do I keep rust from returning after removing it?

Preventing moisture is key – keep the filing cabinet away from sources of dampness. Promptly wipe up any spills or condensation on the metal. Apply a protective sealer and maintain the finish with occasional wiping and polishing. Store items carefully to avoid new scratches and chips in the paint.

What kind of sander is best for removing rust?

An orbital sander is ideal as it sands smoothly without leaving scratches. Use fine 120-220 grit sandpaper and avoid excessive pressure. Hand sanding can work for small areas of light rust. Electric sanders make quicker work of larger rust patches.

Conclusion

Rust takes a toll on metal over time, but it doesn’t have to spell the end for a cherished filing cabinet. Armed with the right techniques and tools, removing rust can restore their former appearance and function. Always tailor your approach to the specific level of rust present. And be sure to refinish and maintain the metal properly after cleaning to keep future rust at bay. With some elbow grease and patience, you can often win the battle against rust.