Refurbishing old metal file cabinets can give them a new lease on life. With some simple cleaning, repairs, and new paint, you can make outdated metal cabinets look fresh and new again. Refurbishing file cabinets is also often less expensive than purchasing new ones.

Supplies Needed

To refurbish metal file cabinets, you’ll need the following supplies:

• Screwdriver set
• Pliers
• Sandpaper (coarse and fine grit)
• Paint stripper
• Paintbrushes
• Primer (spray or liquid)
• Paint in desired color(s)
• Clear sealant/topcoat
• Metal polish/cleaner
• Rags
• Drop cloths
• Painter’s tape
• Wood putty/filler (if needed)

Dismantling the File Cabinet

The first step is to completely dismantle the file cabinet to make it easier to work on.

• Remove all drawers from the cabinet. This will allow you to access the inside more easily.
• Remove any locks, handles, or hardware using a screwdriver. Place the hardware in a bag labeled for each drawer to keep organized.
• Take off any front panels or facades that may limit your access to the main frame.
• If needed, unscrew the cabinet backing to gain full access.

Once dismantled, thoroughly inspect the cabinet for any repairs needed before refinishing. Look for rust spots, dents, or other damage.

Cleaning and Repairs

Now it’s time to clean the cabinet and make any needed repairs:

Remove Grease and Grime

• Wipe down all surfaces with a metal cleaner and rag to remove grease, dirt, and grime. You want the metal free of any debris before sanding or painting.
• For stuck-on gunk, use a plastic scraper to gently lift residue without scratching the metal.
• Clean inside drawers, tracks, and the cabinet frame as well.

Sand Away Rust and Imperfections

• Lightly sand all metal surfaces using coarse sandpaper to remove any rust spots. Don’t press too hard or you may scratch the good finish underneath.
• Fill any pits, holes, or large dents with a metal filler putty. Allow to dry completely.
• Use finer grit sandpaper to smooth everything down, including any filled areas.
• Wipe clean with a dry rag when done. Now the metal should be uniform for painting.

Tighten Loose Joints or Hardware

• Tighten any loose joints, hinges, tracks, or hardware. If needed, use wood glue or epoxy to reinforce joints.
• Replace any missing screws or hardware components. Reuse originals if possible.
• Test all moving parts like drawers and locks to ensure smooth operation.

Removing Old Paint and Finishes

If your file cabinet currently has old paint, varnish, or laminate finishes, these will need to be removed prior to painting.

Use Paint Stripper

• Apply a paint stripping gel liberally over all surfaces using a paintbrush. This helps lift old paint so you can remove it.
• Allow stripper to sit for the time specified on the label, usually 20 minutes to 1 hour.
• Use a plastic scraper to gently peel away paint and finish, wiping residue off with rags.
• Repeat stripping process if needed to remove all old finishes.

Sand Away Remaining Finish

• Use coarse sandpaper to remove any last bits of paint, varnish, or laminate still clinging to the metal.
• Sand until you expose the bare metal underneath. Be sure to get into crevices and edges.
• Wipe clean when finished and allow to fully dry before painting.

Priming the Metal

Once any repairs are made and old finishes removed, it’s important to apply primer before painting the cabinets.

Spray Can Primer

For a quick and easy approach:

• Use painter’s tape to mask off any areas you don’t want primer on.
• Shake the can vigorously and then apply 1-2 thin coats of spray primer, allowing drying time between coats.
• Spray all cabinet surfaces, including inside drawers and the cabinet frame.

Liquid Primer

Alternatively, use a liquid metal primer:

• Pour primer into a paint tray and use a small foam roller to coat all surfaces. This gives an even coat.
• Apply 2-3 thin coats of primer, allowing proper drying time between each.
• Load a small brush with primer to get into crevices and edges.

The primer coat helps the new paint better adhere to the metal for a long-lasting finish.

Painting the File Cabinets

Now for the fun part – choosing a new color and painting the cabinets!

Select Desired Paint Colors

Consider painting the:

• Main cabinet frames one color
• Drawer fronts another color
• Cabinet interior a third color

Or paint the entire piece one uniform color. Choose spray cans or liquid paint in a [gloss, satin, or matte] finish.

Prepare Space and Cabinets

Before painting:

• Cover floors/walls with drop cloths.
• Use painter’s tape to mask off any areas you don’t want paint on.
• Make sure all surfaces are clean and dry before applying paint.

Apply Paint in Thin Coats

• Shake spray paint vigorously or stir liquid paint before using.
• Apply the first coat evenly in long, light strokes. Let dry completely.
• Apply 2-3 more thin coats until you achieve the desired color depth.
• Allow proper drying time between coats to avoid drips or tackiness.
• Load a small brush to paint hard to reach areas.

Remove Tape and Reattach Hardware

Once the final coat is dry:

• Carefully remove all painter’s tape from the cabinets.
• Reattach any hardware, locks, or handles removed earlier.
• Place drawers back into cabinet frames.

Applying Protective Topcoat (Optional)

For extra protection, apply a clear topcoat over the painted finish:

Choose Topcoat Finish

• A polyurethane topcoat provides a glossy finish and durable protection.
• For a subtle sheen, use a satin or matte water-based topcoat instead.

Apply in Light Layers

• Apply a thin, even layer of the topcoat using a foam brush or lint-free rag.
• Allow to dry fully and then reapply 2-3 more thin coats for best results.
• Avoid over-brushing as this can create excess bubbles in the topcoat.
• Let cure fully before using cabinets. The topcoat shields the paint from wear, chips, and fading.

Helpful Tips for Success

Follow these tips for getting the best results as you refurbish metal file cabinets:

• Work in a well-ventilated area when stripping, sanding, or spraying paints and primers. Wear a safety mask.
• Use 150-220 grit sandpaper for smoothest results. Avoid anything too coarse that may scratch metal.
• Always clean between sanding and painting steps for proper paint adhesion.
• Apply thin coats of primer and paint and allow proper drying times for a smooth finish.
• Periodically clean spray cans nozzles if paint starts to sputter.
• Fill any small cracks or holes with metal filler before painting for a seamless look.

Maintaining Refurbished File Cabinets

To keep your revitalized file cabinets looking fresh:

• Avoid placing in direct sunlight, which can fade paint over time.
• Clean painted surfaces with a mild soap and water only when needed. Avoid harsh cleaners.
• Wax or seal painted surfaces 1-2 times per year for added protection.
• Tighten any loose hardware or fittings when needed.
• Immediately touch up any scratched or damaged paint to prevent rust.

With proper prep and painting techniques, your refurbished metal file cabinets can look great for many years! The new colorful finish will revive your outdated cabinets.

Refurbishing Specific Types of Metal File Cabinets

The process for refurbishing metal file cabinets is largely the same regardless of style. However, there are some variations in approach depending on the specific type you are refinishing.

Standard 2-4 Drawer Lateral File Cabinets

These traditional lateral file cabinets with drawers that slide from side-to-side are most common in offices and homes.

Helpful Refurbishing Tips

• Use painter’s tape to prevent paint seeping into drawer channel tracks.
• Detach any cabinet locks before stripping or sanding to avoid damage.
• Paint the cabinet box and drawer fronts separate colors for a bold look.
• Replace drawer glides/slides if bent or very worn to ensure smooth operation after refinishing.

Vertical File Cabinets

Vertical file cabinets contain drawers that open from front to back rather than side-to-side.

Unique Refurbishing Considerations

• Remove the central rail between drawers before stripping or sanding for full access.
• Use thin foam rollers and small brushes to paint around narrow rails.
• Fully extend drawers when painting fronts to avoid uneven coverage.
• Lubricate slide mechanism with WD40 if sticking after reassembly.

Lateral Suspension File Cabinets

These feature drawers that hang from a track and slide side-to-side on a suspension system.

Refinishing Tips

• Clean old lubricant and dust from tracks before painting.
• Avoid getting paint on the wheels or track system to prevent sticking.
• Prime and paint drawer fronts separately from the cabinet body.
• Verify drawer alignment after reassembly to be sure suspension is smooth.

Antique Metal File Cabinets

Vintage metal file cabinets can also be refinished but may require some unique handling.

Special Considerations

• Use chemical paint strippers cautiously on delicate antique finishes. Test first.
• Very lightly sand ornate carvings or details by hand to avoid damage.
• Match the original paint color if keeping antique value.
• Check drawer alignment carefully to avoid scraping fragile antique tracks.
• Consult an antique restoration specialist for guidance on rare pieces.

Refurbishing Metal File Cabinet Drawers

The drawers are the moving parts of a metal file cabinet and receive a lot of wear and tear. Refurbishing them properly is key to fully restoring a cabinet.

Remove Drawers Completely

• Unscrew roller bearing slides or ball bearing glides.
• Label each drawer and slide location to reattach correctly later.
• Clean built up grime and dust from slide channels.

Clean and Repair Drawers

For each drawer:

• Clean inside surface with metal cleaner and rag.
• Sand lightly to smooth any rust spots or damage.
• File down any rough edges or burrs on drawer sides.
• Fill dents, holes, or cracks with metal filler and sand smooth when dry.
• Tighten any loose joints or hardware or replace if needed.

Fully Extend When Painting

• Pull the drawers completely out when painting to fully cover sides and fronts.
• Use small foam roller and brush to paint drawer box tops, sides, fronts, and handles.
• Paint interior of drawers if desired. Allow proper drying between coats.

Reinstall Drawers Correctly

• Check each slide for smooth rolling action before reinstalling drawers.
• Attach drawer slides in the marked locations. Test for proper alignment.
• Adjust slides as needed if drawers don’t extend fully or rub cabinet sides.
• Confirm that each drawer opens fully without rubbing or sticking.

Painting Metal File Cabinets by Hand for a Professional Look

While spray paints offer convenience when refurbishing metal file cabinets, a hand-painted finish can look even more professional and flawless.

Supplies Needed

Gather high-quality painting supplies:

• Paintbrushes in assorted sizes – 1-3 inches are ideal
• High-density foam rollers and mini-rollers for trim
• Painter’s tray to hold paint
• Primers and paint specifically made for metal
• 400-600 grit sandpaper for final sanding
• Lint-free rags and tack cloth

Prepare Surfaces Thoroughly

Proper prep creates the foundation for a beautiful hand-painted finish:

• Remove all hardware, handles, and surface grime with metal cleaner.
• Fill dents and gouges with metal filler; allow drying fully.
• Sand thoroughly with 400-600 grit paper for ultra-smoothness.
• Wipe away all sanding dust with a tack cloth before priming.

Prime Cabinets First

• Apply 2-3 thin coats of quality metal primer using a small foam roller.
• Use a tapered brush to prime corners and edges for full coverage.
• Allow proper drying time between coats for paint to properly adhere.

Apply Paint in Thin, Even Coats

• Use a foam roller for large flat surfaces and metal drawer fronts. Roll on a coat evenly.
• Immediately use a tapered sash brush to cut-in edges and corners.
• Allow paint to dry fully before applying second and third coats.
• Lightly sand any drips or imperfections between coats for a flawless finish.

Finish with Careful Brushwork

• Use a high-quality tapered sash brush for final coats and trimwork.
• Carefully brush out all drips, bubbles, or brush marks as you paint.
• Work slowly to achieve a perfectly smooth painted surface.
• Take time painting edges and hardware holes for a professional look.

Tips for Great Results

Hand painting takes time but yields beautiful, even results:

• Always use clean brushes and rollers to avoid lint and debris in paint.
• Apply multiple thin coats rather than thick, heavy coats.
• Lightly sand painted surfaces between coats for ultrasmooth finish.
• Work methodically and carefully for most flawless results.

How to Refurbish Metal File Cabinet Hardware

The handles, hinges, locks, and other hardware pieces on metal file cabinets also need refurbishing when restoring the full piece. Here’s how to refresh worn metal hardware components:

Cleaning

• Use a stiff nylon brush and metal cleaner to scrub away built-up gunk and tarnish from hardware pieces.
• Soak hardware in a degreasing bath if very grimy. Rinse and dry completely.

Removing Rust

• Lightly sand rusted areas with fine grit sandpaper until smooth and rust-free.
• Use a small wire brush to scrub rust from grooves and depressions.
• Wipe clean when finished sanding.

Polishing and Shining

• Apply a metal polishing cream using a soft cloth. Rub vigorously to make hardware gleam.
• Rinse residue and dry completely when polished.
• You can also spray paint hardware for an updated look.

Repairing or Replacing

• Use pliers to bend and straighten any twisted metal hardware pieces.
• Tighten loose screws and resecure any detached elements.
• Replace any missing or broken hardware components as needed.

Reattaching Hardware

• Carefully attach all original handles and hardware pieces using screws.
• Test locks and sliding drawers to ensure smooth operation after reattaching.

Spray Painting vs Powder Coating File Cabinets

When refurbishing metal file cabinets, you can choose to spray paint or powder coat the finished piece. Here is a comparison of the two methods:

Spray Paint Overview

• More DIY friendly; can be done by amateurs with some prep work
• Lower equipment costs – just need sprayers, drop cloths, masks
• Good for small scope painting; best for under 5 cabinets
• Faster process; can be done start to finish in 2-3 days
• Thinner paint film depth vs powder coating
• More prone to chipping or scratching over time

Powder Coating Overview

• Provides an exceptionally durable painted finish
• Applied as a dry powder, then baked on for chemical bond to metal
• Much thicker coat than spray paint – less prone to damage
• More prep work needed – media blasting to remove rust
• Requires industrial equipment – powder sprayer and oven
• Higher costs; best for large orders of 10+ cabinets
• Process can take 5-7 days including media blasting, coating, and curing

Key Considerations

• For a few cabinets, spray paint offers a faster and more budget-friendly finish.
• For 10+ cabinets or the most durable finish, powder coating is worth the time and costs.
• Powder coating is best for frequently used commercial file cabinets.
• Spray painted finishes still hold up well with care and touch ups as needed.

Either method can yield beautiful refurbished metal file cabinets! Choose the option that best fits your specific project scope and needs.

Refurbishing vs Buying New Metal File Cabinets

Is it better to refurbish old metal file cabinets or purchase completely new ones? Here are some pros and cons of each option to consider:

Benefits of Refurbishing

• Much less expensive than buying new
• Eco-friendly – reduces waste and need for new materials
• Can match to your desired decor by choosing custom paint colors
• High quality vintage cabinets often made of thicker steel
• Chance to retain sentimental family file cabinets
• Fun DIY project with rewarding results!

Downsides of Refurbishing

• More labor intensive – requires stripping, sanding, painting, repairs
• May need replacement parts if certain damage can’t be repaired
• Older cabinets won’t have features of new models like fireproofing